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In the Indiana 4-H Horse and Pony program, we are committed to the inclusion philosophy to make 4-H more accessible to youth with disabilities. There is an extensive body of educational research indicating that the inclusive philosophy maximizes learning for youth with and without disabilities. Integration has been found to improve social acceptance, self-esteem, and social skills for all youth involved (Wolfe & Hall, 2003) when it involves the active mixing of youth with and without disabilities (Rafferty, Boettcher, & Griffin, 2001). All youth can benefit from the opportunity to become more aware of differences and more tolerant and accepting of others (Killoran, 2002).
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The philosophy of leadership implicit in leadership development programs of the past is no longer adequate for dealing with the complex problems inherent in communities and organizations today. This implicit philosophy assumes that leadership rests in individuals who must be capable of inspiring and influencing others to solve problems and achieve goals. A new philosophy of leadership is emerging. Dubbed "post-heroic" leadership (Huey, 1994), it is based on bottom-up transformation fueled by shared power and community building. John Nirenberg's (1993) The Living Organization, quoted earlier, eloquently expresses the fluid, distributed, community, and action-oriented nature of leadership from this perspective.
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The framework is composed of four parts. The first part, described earlier, is driven by a holistic philosophy of community, vision, learning, action and practice. These forces form the outline of the task force view of leadership. The second part of the framework relates these elements to seven action-based values. The third examines the roles of designated leaders in promoting community action leadership. The fourth part applies methodological principles to these values and processes in terms of both method and content.
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